Ch. 6: Tasks & Quizzes

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Q6.1 What types of data were collected as part of Dąbrowska (2019)?

Participants' results on a nonverbal intelligence test
Participants' results on a collocations test
Sociodemographic information about the participants including their age and level of education
Participants' results on a vocabulary test
Participants' results on a grammar test
Participants' results on a language analytic ability test

Q6.2 On average, how did the English L2 speakers perform compared to the native speakers in Dąbrowska (2019)?

The observed differences in performance between native speakers and L2 speakers were not statistically significant.
On average, native speakers outperformed L2 speakers on all language tasks, with the most significant difference observed in collocation tasks.
On average, both groups performed equally well on grammar and vocabulary tasks.
On average, L2 speakers performed better on grammar tasks than native speakers

Q6.3 Did all native speakers perform better than the L2 speakers in the English vocabulary and grammar tests?

No, while L1 speakers generally performed better, some L2 speakers demonstrated equally high proficiency in grammar and vocabulary.
This study only looked at average trends, so no conclusive statement can be made about individual participants.
Yes, the L1 speakers clearly outperformed the L2 speakers in both grammar and vocabulary.

TipYour turn!

Q6.4 On which repository/repositories can the data be found?

Zenodo
database.org
IRIS
ResearchGate
All of the above.

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TipYour turn!

Q6.5 In which data format are these two files saved?

They are both .txt files.
They are both .xslx files.
They are both .html files.
They are both .csv files.

TipYour turn!

Q6.6 Which character is used to separate the values in the file L1_data.csv?

tab
colon
double quotation mark
comma
space

Q6.7 Which character is used to delineate the values?

single quotation mark
dot
none
space
double quotation mark

TipYour turn!

Import both data files from Dąbrowska (2019) using the read.csv function as described above. Save the first as the R object L1.data (as in the example above) and the second as L2.data. Then, answer the following questions.

Q6.8 In the two data files from Dąbrowska (2019), each row corresponds to one participant. How many L1 participants were included in this study?

221
2790
90
31
17

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Q6.9 How many L2 participants were included in Dąbrowska (2019)’s study?

45
306
67
90
220

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Q6.10 Compare the data frames containing the L1 and L2 data. Which dataset contains more variables?

L2.data
L1.data
They have the same number of variables

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Q6.11 You have saved the two datasets to your local R environment as L1.data and L2.data. What kind of R objects are L1.data and L2.data? You can find out by using the command class(). It simply takes the name of the object as its only argument.

data frame
table
integer
tibble
character
list

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Q6.12 Why does the L2 dataset contain the variable NativeLg, but not the L1 dataset?

Because Dr. Dąbrowska decided not to collect this information for L1 participants.
Because, in this study, all L1 participants have English as their native language.
Because this variable was removed from the dataset for data protection reasons.
Because some or all of the L1 participants did not wish to answer this question.

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Dąbrowska, Ewa. 2019. Experience, aptitude, and individual differences in linguistic attainment: A comparison of native and nonnative speakers. Language Learning 69(S1). 72–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12323.